Friday, July 31, 2015

Is your design having Anti-aliasing filter at that time of ADC sampling?


          Anti-aliasing filter which is going to be used for remove a higher frequency noise signal before to be taken a sampling processing at that time. Generally the sampling frequency should meet with Nyquist theorem .But in this case, the Aliasing signal doesn’t satisfy with Nyquist theorem. So that, your ADC digital values may be fluctuated that means aliasing happened.  

Nyquist Theorem:
(ADC) fs >= 2 x fc
     The maximum frequency of the input signal is less than half or equal to sampling rate (fs).

For example, if you are application having the frequency of the sensor signal is 1KHz, you can choose your cut off frequency of anti-aliasing filter is greater than 1KHz and it should be less than sampling rate of your ADC. Here my sampling rate for my ADC is 10KHz so that I have designed my cut off frequency of my filter is 5KHz.

Here I have chosen cut-off frequency (fc) (input signal frequency) is half of my ADC sampling rate (fs).




                                                                                               


The following online design tool may helpful for you.
Recently I have used ST electronics android application. It’s really very fun.
You can go through the following link to work for OpAmp circuit and filter design,

Digital filter:
     This is one of the algorithm technique .Generally we are displaying ADC digital value for every sampling processing. But here we can display the average of 20 or 30 (whatever..) digital values. So we can avoid fluctuated data.
The algorithm looks like this,
 Total=ADCValue=FinalVlaue=0;
for(int i =0;i<=20;i++)
{
ADCValue=ADCRead(channel); 
Total=ADCValue+Total;
}
FinalValue=Total/20;
SAC Vs Delta Sigma:
Here I don’t discuss about SAC and Delta Sigma architecture. So we will see again in my future tutorial. But right now I will try to explain about differences and few valid points for our application. Last one year I was using Delta Sigma Architecture ADC. Because it suitable for my following application.
1. It is very accuracy .We don’t feel about Anti-aliasing filter at all. But depends on your application you may need filter circuit.  
2. Compare with SAC architecture, it have slow speed. But it does almost reach enough speed.
Both AFD type ADC chips have I2C and SPI protocol communications.
1. ADS1231:
2. MX7705:
3. MCP3421:





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